One of the biggest adjustments for me now living in Cape Town has been getting used to the many different methods of transportation. Coming from Prague, which is the best public transportation system I have ever used, Cape Town leaves a lot to be desired. One can get to nearly any part of the city in Prague through a combination of the street trams and the underground metro. They both always run frequently, on time or with only a few minutes of delay, and are safe. There are many places to transfer from one line to another to get where you need to go and it is almost always faster than driving.
Now I realize Cape Town is not a city like Prague and does not have access to the same kind of funding (and the funding that is earmarked for is not always received due to corruption at various levels), but I did not expect that there would be so many different types of transportation, each with their own drawbacks meaning most journeys are most efficiently completed by taking two or three different types. So far, the various means of transport I have used are: city buses, metro trains, commuter buses, mini-bus taxis, Uber taxis, private taxi companies, a moped, and good old fashioned walking. However, it becomes clear after using each method by observing your fellow passengers that the reason there are so many options is because the consumers being catered to come from all across a very broad and unequal economic spectrum.
Most people who use public transportation at all are people of color. Members of the white upper class typically own a car. When they do use other forms of transportation, they probably only use Uber, which is cheaper than in the US, but still the most expensive option available to the public without their own vehicles. For most privileged people, including a lot of international students volunteering or interning in Cape Town, Uber is the only method they use even if they don’t have a car of their own.
Surprise surprise, the two most expensive options are also by far the fastest and most efficient. For the rest of Cape Town, the options are less appealing. The cheapest options, the city buses and metro trains, are the least reliable, often 15 minutes to an hour late. Trains are frequently delayed because of protestors blocking the tracks and maintenance issues. The bus network is very limited in terms of routes, mostly serving to connect the wealthier suburbs to the city center. The train system, however, does serve communities more evenly. Nevertheless, with fixed lines and no public bus system serving the suburban areas, it is almost impossible to use exclusively.
Enter the mini-bus taxis, or usually just called taxis. In Econ 50, I remember learning that when there is a market failure of an important good not being provided by the market, government often steps in to fill the gap. In Cape Town, the equation is reversed. Private businesses have developed their own ride-sharing system that provides faster transit at almost the same cost or cheaper.
The mini-buses themselves are usually white Toyota vans, about 20 feet in length that have been stripped of all interiors and filled with three or four rows of bench seats (and often makeshift seats made of milk cartons, wooden stools, or cushions). They are piloted, and I say piloted because it takes the skill of more than a mere driver to navigate the streets and traffic of Cape Town at the speed they usually drive, by a two-man crew, one driver and one “doorman”. Driving along the main roads, the driver honks his horn while the doorman whistles and yells the ultimate destination of the taxi hoping to attract customers along the road.
All you have to do is flag one down to witness the impressive and perfectly coordinated routine. The driver will pull over while the doorman slides open the door, you jump in and start making your way to the closest available seat. As soon as both of your feet are inside the van the driver is pulling away again and the doorman is sliding the door shut, once you get to your seat, you pay the doorman if you can reach him, and if you cannot, you pass your money up to the passenger in front of you. The whole process seemed like a bizarre whirlwind at first, but once you get the hang of it, and they expect you to be as efficient as them, it is an impressive feat to watch.
These taxis are the way that most people who do not have cars get around, with the train added in if they are commuting a longer distance. Impressive as they are, there is so much time lost compared to driving. I learned this with my own commute, which takes at least an hour and a half via train (assuming it is on time) and takes only 20 minutes by car (even with traffic). That is over two hours wasted each day, nearly 12 hours each week, and over 45 hours each month.
Now from a purely mathematical perspective, the time for people driving cars is more valuable because their wages are so much higher. However, the less fortunate people taking public transportation are often working longer hours and even multiple jobs, not to mention, they need those wages much more. For these people, lost time and wages do not mean they have to go without upgrading their flatscreen or computer a bit longer, it means they can’t feed their families, pay rent, or make much needed repairs to their homes. Because of this, these 45 extra hours don’t come from work, these hours are taken away from time that could have been spent at home with their families, taking care of their kids, and just time to relax.
It is no wonder then, that most of the young men I work with at the Ottery Youth Care and Education Center come from homes where they rarely saw their parents. And when they did see them, they were often too tired to do the extremely time consuming and tiring job of parenting. When there is not a parent actively present in their lives teaching them right from wrong, developing their skills, and simply giving them love, these kids often turn to other authority figures. Even without any other prior knowledge, it is not difficult to guess the type of person that fills this gap.
In the poorer communities where the adults, especially those with families, are working long hours, the only people that are still around when the kids are home are people who are not working, or if they are, it is working in an illegal industry. It creates the perfect opportunity for gang members to grow their ranks by recruiting vulnerable boys.
This is not an issue confined to Cape Town, to South Africa, or to Africa. This is an issue that affects the poor globally. However, because my personal knowledge is limited to working with kids from the Cape Town area, I can only describe the extremely detrimental effects it has on these boys and on their communities in the long term.
The disparities in transportation, which on the surface seem unimportant in the overall picture, further exacerbate the critical issues of drug abuse, gangsterism, and overarching inequality that face South Africa. It is also an important component that helps explain the situation here that I would not have experienced or considered without this firsthand experience.